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Port waters
Port waters area within the boundaries. It usually must meet two basic requirements: namely ship can safely access port and by near the docks; They can steadily to anchor and handling. Mainly includes dock port waters before departure waterway, ship waters, turned waters, anchorage and helps the navigation marks such as a few parts.
Into port channel
Ships with ZhuHangDao connection port waters and the channel. General in natural water depth is good, clay sand back silting quantity was small, as far as possible to avoid horizontal wind by ice and cross the waters such interference. The arrangement with times and flow direction into a straight line shape advisable. According to ship navigation were used to frequent degree can separate the channel or double line channel. In the navigation density is small (as in daily average navigable SouCi acuities 1), in order to reduce the clay and sand back excavation volume back-silting quantities, through technical and economic comparison and study fully, can consider to use one-line waterway. According to the width of the localizer ship speed, the general level, possible factors such as horizontal drift, and add the necessary rich width sure. Enter the port channel in the water depth, quantity is big, regulation difficult conditions, harbour by large ships generally by tide entry principle consideration; By bill not or navigation density large cases, after the argument can be determined at the principle of discrepancy. The flowing into port channel depth should guarantee the safety of ship design standard by.
By tidal level
Ships in through the channel (including the local channel) enter the port of shallow segment, the depth is insufficient, because the climax of a certain used to increase the navigation deeply that ships passing through. This can make the ship in a certain time, take a larger segment of the levels of shallow water by waterway called by tidal level. Take the concept of tidal level in design, often enter the port channel, estuary shallow waterway and docks mouth underside height dock when using, how determined by, when they want to combine MSL draught, the ship design represents the length, channel shallow section sailing speed, sailing, by local actual density on the comparison MSL process lines selected. Use by tidal level, can save the excavation waterway quantities, but ship sailing time have certain restriction, can't navigable.
Turned waters
Also called swing waters. Ships in near the docks, entering or leaving ports by turned or change heading sometimes need 4-storey waters. Their size and ship dimensions, turned way, water and wind speed and relevant. Shipping with tug, rotate to assist in turn by inter-tangential circle diameter is commonly. Total length for the biggest ship. When the ship turned itself, diameter less than average. Ship in flowing water area turned (such as turning inland), its trajectory oval, length, diameter size with the velocity is different, maximum can reach. In poor areas, the meteorological and hydrological scale will increase. Turn with the Hong Kong waters can generally navigate within a merger between decorate together waters.
Turn the depth, in the seaport waters and estuary port, the smallest by large ships depth of general principles of entering or leaving ports by tide considered; Water flowing, the smallest, generally not greater than minimum navigable channel control section water depth.
Port depth
Usually means vessels can access port to a control depth homework. It is a comprehensive concept, and publicly announce the same. Port depth is one of the important characteristics that port, the natural condition and the basic line ships may use. Port waters in this control under water restrictions, each part can be different (depth is actually too), specific to a certain part of the depth, the main use requirements and economical rationality to select. Waterway, turn in harbour often waters, according to take tidal level consideration; Port pool, anchorage by minimum design level to determine reliability; Each garage don't identical. The basic in various waters counted, the water depth after water can be determined according to the design standards of ship full of draught plus keel next smallest, and consider the rich depth waves, influence of the increase of draft when navigating and back silting etc confirmed. Their depth press type calculation: (m). Type: - full of ship design standard maximum draft (metres); -- keel next smallest rich depth (metres); -- rich waves influence depth consideration; (m) -- rich depth increases sailing draft (metres); -- think twice the back silting dredging interval between the rich depth (m).
Wharves water depth
In any case wharves can ensure full of ship design standard and unloading required water depth. In depth, the coastal port for lack of the larger ships can dock by tide for handling by wharf, usually in the new terminal certainly before within the waters of twice (usually ship wide), appropriate dig deep enough, so that in the design can be achieved when low water level full of ship design standard required depth draught.
Wharves waters (harbor)
For ship wharves and handling by the waters from. Wharves waters, water stability requirement waves small, have a certain water depth and width, can satisfy the ship from handling by the requirements. Decorate a form can be divided according to the wharf wharves along the coast waters and sudden between the dam wharf waters. The size of the ship dimensions, near the docks, the way on the influence of flow and winds, decorate etc factors determine turned area.
Open type port pool
The water in the pool with water port lifting change, do not set the gate of shiplocks harbor pond or. It is the sea, river port as one of the most common form of relative to the closed-end harbor in.
Closed-end port pool
A building in large areas of the tidal range with gate or lock, with harbor separated outside the harbor pond water. This harbor advantage can make port in the pool water to remain in a relatively stable high water level, and can reduce the construction harbor KaiWaLiang and terminal buildings instinments height; Can reduce clay sand deposition; Ensure the stability and improve ship berthing cargo handling operation conditions. Defect is vessels entering or leaving ports (harbor) to passing, is not convenient; Simultaneously must increase part of management cost.
Excavated-in harbor basin
On the shore excavated port pool. In terrain conditions appropriate or shoreline shortage can be built this port pool. Its advantage is: can prolong building berth, quay line; Cover conditions are good. Defect is: TuFangLiang bigger; the excavation In the sand content of great place is susceptible to clay sand back silting influence; In cold areas to freeze over a long period of time.
anchorage
For ships docked in water (fleet) and various assignments of water
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